How does the copper IUD work?

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Considering BC Really curious

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I got the copper IUD about 3 months ago. It has made my cycle overall more regular, but it has definitely changed. The first few days are just spotting and cramping. The cramping can get pretty intense off and on for those days, which sucks. After the spotting days, the full period flow comes on HEAVY. To me it's tolerable because of the security of such a low pregnancy risk. The cramping and heavy flow are obnoxious, but I can deal. Getting it put in also went much better than I anticipated.

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It can also be used within a week of unprotected sex as emergency contraception, then once it's there, you're covered for up to 10 years.

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I have read up on them a little. Apparently, the copper makes your uterus uninhabitable. Creates a hostile environment for an embryo. Plus side, no artificial hormones. Downside, for up to the first 6 months you can have heavy irregular bleeding while your body adjusts.

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I am not sure exactly how it works but I have a coworker that had it and loved it. It's good for 10 years and she had it taken out and had no problems getting pregnant.