Wrongfully terminated from work. Texas area.

I don’t know how unemployment really works, but I used to work as an MA in podiatry, so back in March I decided to put in my two weeks. The company was bought out and the new management was unorganized and terrible vibes. They also over worked me. Had me get x-ray certified because they had planned on firing my coworker that had been there for 14 years to make me head MA I was barley a year in working. I thought that was wrong. They just didn’t like her and she did nothing to them. She’s a very nice older lady and does her job well. When I went to give my two weeks I was asked to type out resignation letter, and I did. I turned in the paper the next day they didn’t even let me finish working the whole day. I only worked half a day and was told that I won’t be completing my two weeks. Then when I got my paycheck they took 299 out of it because of the x-ray exam. I don’t recall ever signing any paper saying that I would have to pay them that money or they can take that money from me. I know for a fact that if I failed the test I would owe them. That was all that was on paper. I never failed the test, and I paid 60 dollars for new scrubs that they never gave me. Could I file this with unemployment? Is this something that this company can do to me? I’m from Texas by the way.