Mold problem in home: what are the signs?

Is anyone familiar with household mold here? I'm wondering if there would be signs if I had a mold problem in my home? There is some very light water staining on the ceiling in certain places, but no visible mold anywhere.

I flooded my bathroom 4 months ago too and the water poured down into the kitchen. It was winter so low humidity and we put a dehumidifier in the bathroom to suck out the moisture. We lifted up the carpet and padding where it got wet upstairs and there is no mold at all. I'm just wondering....if we had a serious mold problem in the ceilings/walls, would we have started seeing black spots by now (since it happened 4 months ago)? We don't see anything at all except the water stains. No weird smells, no allergy symptoms, nothing else really.....