Maternity leave questions/help

Ok so I haven't been at my job for 1 year yet until 12/12/15 so I didn't qualify for FMLA when I gave birth. I did get my 6 weeks paid short term disability and my employer verbally agreed I could take an additional 6 weeks unpaid just because I wanted more time but no more than that. So I'm supposed to go back to work the week of Christmas and I really don't want to. Will I be able to apply for FMLA leave as soon as my one year mark hits to get an additional 12 weeks off? Any opinions or experiences with this?