School fights leading to deaths and criminal charges- no one "wins" these fights- What should parents teach their kids about violence, retaliation, self defense and stepping in when they see bullying?

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These are just 2 examples....

Obviously sparked by all the bullying discussions. I'm just asking that we all take a step back from the notion that-

"I'm going to raise my kid to beat a kids ass if they lay a hand on them"

"Don't start a fight, but finish it"

Put yourself in either of these parents places- either your child is charged with criminally negligent homicide etc or they have passed away.

In the first screenshot, you can see that it all happened very quickly. No one wants to think their child would be the aggressor, but obviously it happens. Kids never imagine a fight would lead to death, but it happens.

What is parents and educators responsibility in teaching kids how to handle conflict and violence? Does teaching kids to fight back, rather than self defense and fleeing the situation, lead to more violence in the long run? What are some real solutions to the issues surrounding bullying?